The ANS signals nerves and the hormone corticotropin to alert the adrenal glands, located on the top of each kidney, to release a hormone called adrenaline into the blood. This system regulates involuntary responses like blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and digestion. A very small region at the base of the brain, called the hypothalamus, sets off the reaction and communicates with the body through the autonomic nervous system (ANS).However all types of stress can trigger this response, as described in more detail below: In prehistoric times, this rapid response was needed to quickly escape a dangerous situation or fight off a predator. Hormones are released that instigate several actions within seconds: pumping blood and oxygen quickly to our cells, quickening the heart rate, and increasing mental alertness. Both acute and chronic stressors cause the “fight-or-flight” response. Our bodies react to all types of stress via the same mechanism, which occurs regardless if the stress arises from a real or perceived event. Many of us may experience a combination of these three types. There are three main types of stress that may occur in our everyday lives: acute (a brief event such as a heated argument or getting stuck in a traffic jam), acute episodic (frequent acute events such as work deadlines), and chronic stress (persistent events like unemployment from a job loss, physical or mental abuse, substance abuse, or family conflict). Stress is a common problem in most societies.
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